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31.
IntroductionThealuminosilicatesheetsofbentonitepossessanetnegativeelectricalchargecompensatedforbyinorganicexchangeablecations(e.g.,Na+andCa2+),whichstronglyhydratedinthepresenceofwater.Surfacepropertiesofnaturalbentonitecanbemodifiedbysimpleionexchangewi… 相似文献
32.
Uptake and accumulation of phenanthrene and pyrene in spiked soils by Ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
XU Sheng-you CHEN Ying-xu LIN Qi SHEN Chao-feng XUE Sheng-guo WU Wei-xiang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2005,17(5):817-822
Phytoremediation has long been recognized as a cost-effective method for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soil. A study was conducted to investigate the uptake and accumulation of PAHs in root and shoot of Lolium perenne L. Pot experiments were conducted with series of concentrations of 3.31-378.37 mg/kg for phenanthrene and those of 4.22-365.38 mg/kg for pyrene in a greenhouse. The results showed that both ryegrass roots and shoots did take up PAHs from spiked soils, and generally increased with increasing concentrations of PAH in soil. Bioconcentration factors(BCFs) of phenanthrene by shoots and roots were 0.24- 4.25 and 0.17-2.12 for the same treatment. BCFs of pyrene by shoots were 0.20-1.5, except for 4.06 in 4.32 mg/kg treatment, much lower than BCFs of pyrene by roots (0.58-2.28). BCFs of phenanthrene and pyrene tended to decrease with increasing concentrations of phenanthrene and pyrene in soil. Direct uptake and accumulation of these compounds by Lolium perenne L. was very low compared with the other loss pathways, which meant that plant-promoted microbial biodegradation might be the main contribution to plant-enhanced removal of phenanthrene and pyrene in soil. However, the presence of Lolium perenne L. significantly enhanced the removal of phenanthrene and pyrene in spiked soil. At the end of 60 d experiment, the extractable concentrations of phenanthrene and pyrene were lower in planted soil than in non-planted soil, about 83.24%-91.98% of phenanthrene and 68.53%-84.10% of pyrene were removed from soils, respectively. The results indicated that the removal of PAHs in contaminated soils was a feasible approach by using Lolium perenne L. 相似文献
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34.
我国一些城市污泥中多环芳烃(PAHs)的研究 总被引:21,自引:1,他引:21
应用GC/MS对我国内地和香港地区共11个城市污泥中的17种多环芳烃化合物(PAHs)进行了研究,各城市污泥中∑PAHs的含量在2.271-143.804mg/lg之间,依次为兰州污泥>珠海污泥>北京污泥>广州污泥>佛山污泥>无锡污泥>沙田污泥(香港)>元朗污泥(香港)>大埔污泥(香港)>西安污染>深圳污泥,含量较高的化合物主要是蒽、荧蒽、苯并(a)蒽和屈等,珠海污泥和北京污泥的苯并(a)芘含量超过我国城市污泥农用标准,各化合物的最高含量分别分布在兰州污泥、珠海污泥、北京污泥和广州污泥中,各城市污泥中的PAHs具有不同的分布特征,均以少数化合物为主,主要是3和4个苯环的化合物,2、5和6个苯环的化合物含量普遍较低。 相似文献
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36.
介绍了在2个监测点,用直接法测定大气中的非甲烷烃。测定方法的检出限可达0.0065mg/m^3,在线性范围0-10mg/m^3时,线性相关系数为0.9995,相对标准焦虑差为2.8%。结果表明,由于大气逆温层、工业排放源、汽车排气对非甲烷烃的浓度变化产生影响,其日变化曲线呈双峰形。 相似文献
37.
渤海海域夏季石油烃污染状况及其环境容量估算 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8
根据调查分析了渤海海域石油烃污染状况,建立了渤海石油烃多介质动力学模型,估算了渤海海域石油烃污染物环境容量和剩余环境容量。结果表明,调查海域石油烃平均浓度为(25.7±13.6)mg/rn3,变化范围为4.4~64.8 mg,/m3,其中,莱州湾,渤海湾等近岸海域污染较严重。在一、二类国家海水水质标准下,渤海海域石油烃污染物环境容量(ECo)为29 169 t/a,在三类国家海水水质标准下ECo为177 306 t/a,在四类国家海水水质标准下ECo为298 446 t/a,各海域在一、二类国家海水水质标准下石油烃污染物环境容量分别为,渤海湾5 255 t/a,辽东湾8 869 t/a,莱州湾4 889 t/a,渤海中部10 156 t/a。 相似文献
38.
从燃烧的煤和油中排放出来的极性污染物,包含有多种含氮、氧和硫的极性多环芳烃(PAH),这些极性组分比非极性组分常具有更强的致癌和致突变性。目前,正相高效液相色谱(NP-HPLC)常被用来分离分析这类极性组分。 但是,要提高这些极性组分分离的选择性,现大多采用梯度洗脱的方法。也就是改变流动相极性的方法。本文介绍了一种高压电场耦合色谱柱的新方法。这种技术除了具 相似文献
39.
采用GC-MS技术分析了平顶山市石龙区土壤样品中多环芳烃(PAHs)污染物的化学组成及分布特征,共鉴定出78种代表性化合物,包括11种US EPA优控PAHs.结果表明,总体上土壤样品中单体烃菲、荧蒽、芴、芘含量比较高.在不同功能区域芳烃含量差别较大,采矿区及焦化厂区土壤中芳烃含量明显高于污灌区和农业区,而煤矸石山附近土壤中芳烃含量最高.采矿区、焦化厂区和污灌区土壤中低环数PAHs的比例远大于高环数PAHs,农业区反之.通过对(ρ)MP/(ρ)P、MPI1、(ρ)P/(ρ)A、(ρ)FL/(ρ)PY等参数值的分析认为,煤尘、烟灰沉降是石龙区土壤中PAHs积累的主要影响因素.由单体烃与PAHs的相关性分析得知,苊和蒽可作为煤矿区域表层土壤中PAHs的标志性污染物. 相似文献
40.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(4):263-274
The cryptomelane-type manganese oxide (OMS-2)-supported Co (xCo/OMS-2; x = 5, 10, and 15 wt.%) catalysts were prepared via a pre-incorporation route. The as-prepared materials were used as catalysts for catalytic oxidation of toluene (2000 ppmV). Physical and chemical properties of the catalysts were measured using the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopic (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) techniques. Among all of the catalysts, 10Co/OMS-2 performed the best, with the T90%, specific reaction rate at 245°C, and turnover frequency at 245°C (TOFCo) being 245°C, 1.23 × 10−3 moltoluene/(gcat·sec), and 11.58 × 10−3 sec−1 for toluene oxidation at a space velocity of 60,000 mL/(g·hr), respectively. The excellent catalytic performance of 10Co/OMS-2 were due to more oxygen vacancies, enhanced redox ability and oxygen mobility, and strong synergistic effect between Co species and OMS-2 support. Moreover, in the presence of poisoning gases CO2, SO2 or NH3, the activity of 10Co/OMS-2 decreased for the carbonate, sulfate and ammonia species covered the active sites and oxygen vacancies, respectively. After the activation treatment, the catalytic activity was partly recovered. The good low-temperature reducibility of 10Co/OMS-2 could also facilitate the redox process accompanied by the consecutive electron transfer between the adsorbed O2 and the cobalt or manganese ions. In the oxidation process of toluene, the benzoic and aldehydic intermediates were first generated, which were further oxidized to the benzoate intermediate that were eventually converted into H2O and CO2. 相似文献